I kēia manawa, ua komo ka ʻāpana waihona kālā ʻAmelika i kahi kaʻawale.

I loko o kēia manawa, ua hana ka ʻoihana panakō i kahi ʻoihana hui like, a ua kāohi ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana a me ka nui o ka ʻoihana.

I Kekemapa 1999, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka Financial Services Modernization Act ma US, e hoʻopau ana i nā palena ma waena o nā panakō, nā ʻoihana palekana a me nā ʻinikua e pili ana i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, e pau ana ma kahi o 70 mau makahiki o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.

 

ʻO ke "ola i hala" o nā moraki

Ma mua, ʻo nā hōʻaiʻē moraki ka nui o nā hōʻaiʻē Balloon Payment i ka wā pōkole a i ʻole.

Eia nō naʻe, ua maʻalahi kēia mau hōʻaiʻē i nā loli o nā kumukūʻai hale, a i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka Depression Nui, ua hoʻomau ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kumukūʻai hale a ua kū nā panakō i ka nui o ka ʻaiʻē maikaʻi ʻole, e hana ana i kahi pōʻai ʻino i hopena i nā poʻe noho e nalowale i ko lākou mau home a me ka nui o banekorupa.

Ma hope o ka pilikia, i mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai a hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia hale o nā kamaʻāina, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ʻAmelika e kōkua i nā kamaʻāina i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻaiʻē moraki ma ke ʻano o nā hōʻoia aupuni.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA a i ʻole Fannie Mae) i ka makahiki 1938 no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā moraki i hōʻoia ʻia e ka Federal Housing Administration (FHA) a me ka Veterans Administration (VA) a hoʻomaka e kūʻai i nā moraki maʻamau i hōʻoia ʻia i ka makahiki 1972.

I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka mākeke moraki holoʻokoʻa, a ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ua ʻike mālie nā panakō hoʻopukapuka ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka waiwai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hōʻaiʻē hale noho me ka nui o ke kālā i loko o kahi helu nui. nā paʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ai i ka wai.

No laila, i ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokumu ke aupuni i ka Federal Home Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC a i ʻole Freddie Mac) e hoʻomohala piha i ka mākeke lua no nā moraki noho.

ʻO ka hana ʻana o Freddie Mac i kōkua pololei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke lua no nā moraki noho a hāʻawi i ka hele mua no ka hoʻopaʻa moraki.

 

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka mea hōʻaiʻē moraki a me ka panakō kūʻai kūʻai

Ke noʻonoʻo nei ka mea hōʻaiʻē e noi no kahi hōʻaiʻē home, ʻo nā ala maʻamau ʻelua e hele pololei i kahi panakō (Retail Bank) a i kahi mea hoʻolimalima moraki (Mortgage Lender).

ʻO ka panakō kūʻai (ka panakō kalepa), ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he hui hui pū ia e hāʻawi ana i nā moraki a me nā lawelawe kālā e like me ka mālama kālā, nā kāleka hōʻaiʻē, nā hōʻaiʻē kaʻa, a me nā hoʻopukapuka.

Ke hoʻokokoke ka mea hōʻaiʻē i kahi panakō, e loaʻa wale iā lākou ka ʻike a me nā lawelawe o kēlā panakō, a ʻo nā lawelawe a ka panakō e kaupalena pinepine ʻia i ka hōʻaiʻē ponoʻī, e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻopili piha ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī o ka pilina ma waena o ka home a me ka hōʻaiʻē.

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā uku o ka panakō kūʻai, hāʻawi maʻamau ka mea hāʻawi moraki i ka lawelawe ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, pane wikiwiki, a me kahi koho ākea o nā huahana no ka lehulehu ākea.

Hiki i ka Mortgage Lender ke hāʻawi aku i ka poʻe hōʻaiʻē me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hōʻaiʻē piha a ʻoihana, kōkua i nā malihini e pane i nā nīnau paʻakikī e pili ana i nā hōʻaiʻē a me nā waihona kālā, a ʻike i ka mea kūpono loa no ka mea hōʻaiʻē ma waena o nā hanana huahana.

ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana o ka mea hōʻaiʻē i ka poʻe ʻaiʻē, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koho a me nā pōmaikaʻi maoli.

 

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea hōʻaiʻē moraki maikaʻi a me kahi mea hoʻopuka moraki maikaʻi e hiki ke mālama i ke kālā, manawa, a loaʻa ka ʻike huahana maikaʻi loa i ka manawa mua.